Bird Flu Clinical Features
The clinical signs of HPAI are severe and result in high mortality rates in many species of birds, especially domestic fowl. As mentioned above, waterfowl, ratites, and other birds may not be as susceptible to clinical signs but can act as carriers for the virus.
Clinical signs:
1. Sudden death
2. Severe depression with ruffled feathers
3. Inappetence
4. Drastic decline in egg production
5. Edema of head and neck
6. Swollen and cyanotic combs and wattles (see Gray Book figure 25 and figure 26 [References: Beard 1998])
7. Petechial hemorrhages on internal membrane surfaces
8. Excessive thirst
9. Watery diarrhea that begins as bright green and progresses to white
10. Swollen and congested conjunctiva with occasional hemorrhage
11. Diffuse hemorrhage between hocks and feet
12. Respiratory signs are dependent on tracheal involvement
13. Nasal and ocular discharge
14. Mucus accumulation (varies)
15. Lack of energy
16. Coughing/sneezing
17. Incoordination
18. Nervous system signs such as paralysis
Complications:
Cessation of egg production, and eggs laid immediately prior to infection often soft-shelled and misshapen
Surviving birds are in poor condition and resume laying only after a period of several weeks
Case-fatality rate:
Can be as high as 100%
Death may occur prior to any symptoms or as late as a week after symptoms, though it is frequently within 48 hr.
Free Ask Question:
1. Definition of Avian Influenza?
2. Agent?
3. Hosts?
4. Transmission?
5. Key Outbreaks of HPAI in Domestic Avian Populations?
6. Current Status of H5N1 in Asia?
7. HPAI As a Biological Weapon?
10. Laboratory Diagnosis?
11. Treatment?
12. Prevention?
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