Key Outbreaks of HPAI in Domestic Avian Populations
To date, all outbreaks of HPAI in domestic poultry have been caused by H5 or H7 influenza A subtypes. Until 1999, HPAI was considered relatively rare, with only 17 outbreaks reported worldwide between 1959 and 1998; however, since 1999 the number of outbreaks occurring globally has increased significantly (see References: Capua 2004). Major outbreaks of avian influenza are highlighted in the table below.
On 1985, in Pennsylvania, type H5 virus avian influenza outbreaks. Caused severe clinical disease and high mortality rates in chickens, turkeys, and guinea fowl. 17 million birds were culled.
During 1994-2003, in Mexico, type H5N2 virus avianinfluenza outbreaks. Nearly a billion birds have been affected.
During 1995-2003, in Pakistan, type H7N3 virus avian influenza out breaks. About 3.2 million birds died from avian influenza during initial outbreak in 1995.
In 1997, in HongKong, type H5N1 virus avian influenza outbreaks. Virus was isolated from chickens; avian mortality rates were high. 1.5 million birds were culled in 3 days. 18 human cases with 6 deaths were recognized. Prior to this outbreak, H5N1 was not known to infect humans.
In 2003, in Netherlands, type H7N7 virus avian influenza outbreaks. 30 million birds out of 100 million birds in country were killed; 255 flocks were infected. Disease spread to Belgium but was quite rapidly contained. Over 80 human cases were reported, and one veterinarian died.
During 2003-2005 (ongoing) , in Asia and Europe, type H5N1 virus avian influenza outbreaks. By far the most severe outbreak of avian influenza ever recognized. Hundreds of millions of birds have died or been culled. WHO has officially recognized 130 human cases, 67 of them fatal in Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, and China.
In 2004, in British Columbia, type H7N3 virus avian influenza outbreaks. Over 19 million birds were culled. Two human cases were recognized; both patients had conjunctivitis.
In 2005, in North Korean, type H7 virus avian influenza outbreaks. About 200,000 birds culled as of April 2005. No human cases identified as of May 2005.
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